CODE BOOK
Participant Survey
1. ID Number
Computer generated number
2. Position of Person
In most cases, the ethnographer
will give the exact position of the person. Where such identification is not
made, use these definitions:
1. Project administrator:
concerned with the overall functioning of the project and not so much with the
direct delivery of services. Most projects have only one administrator who is
called the “director.” Larger projects have two or more administrators who have
such titles as “assistant director” or “project coordinator.”
2. Project staff: a person whose
salary is paid at least in part by the project who has direct responsibility
for providing services to participants.
3. Employer: person who provides
jobs to the students.
4. Principal: a principal of a
high school who works with the project in selecting or providing services to
students.
5. Oversight: a person whose
primary relation to project is to ensure compliance with CETA/Youthwork
regulations or with state and school district regulations.
6. Other: Consultant, evaluator,
other funding source person
3. Time with Project
The term “project” refers to the
specific mix of services funded by Youthwork. In some cases, this is coterminous
with the group that provides services, i.e., only those persons paid by
Youthwork are providing services. In most cases, the project takes place within
a larger organization, i.e., a school, school district or community based
organization. What is being asked here is how long the person worked on the Youthwork
project.
4. Previous position
This question refers to the
position the person held, if any, immediately preceding the present job. In
some cases, the ethnographer will state what job the person held. In other
cases, look for statements such as “When I was a teacher,” or “In the last
project I worked at,”or “This is my first job” or statements about the
individual by others such as “She does that because she used to be a teacher”
or “He has a lot of contacts with business because of work with the Chamber of
Commerce.”
In each case, the following
definitions apply:
1. School teacher: Classroom
responsibilities in a public or private school.
2. School administrator:
Superintendent, principal, or central office administrative staff.
3. Counselor Person: responsible
for giving guidance to youth in a school setting.
4. Private Sector
Employer/employee: person who worked in or owned a private industry.
5. College Administrator: similar
to school administrator but in a Community or four year college.
6. CETA Staff: a person who
worked either at a Prime Sponsor or worked in a CETA supported program.
7. Other: a consultant,
ethnographer, visitor. List specific title.
8. None
5. Race
In most cases, the ethnographer
will make specific references. Do not depend on the name since the ethnographer
may be using a code. In many cases, fellow staff will
make comments about the race of a person. Where direct evidence is not
available, leave blank.
6. Age
In most cases, the ethnographer
will make specific reference. Staff will often give indirect evidence such as
“this is my first job out of college” or “Older teachers aren’t as flexible” or
“I wish I had done this before teaching for ten years.” Sometimes, direct
evidence is available about one person’s age and then that person says “Ms. X
is older than I” or “The younger staff get along better with the Director than
older staff.” Where direct or strong inferential evidence is not available,
leave blank.
PROFESSIONAL SUBGOALS
Professional subgoals refer to
those services and actions that the person believes are needed by youth to
become employable. In looking for data to give answers, place primary evidence
on what a person does as opposed to what the person says is important. On the
other hand, do not disregard what a person says because this may be all the
evidence available. Where the only evidence is talk, consider frequency and
intensity of responses. Where talk contradicts actions, place greater emphasis
on actions.
Each question is scored from (1)
to (4). (1) is a very weak response——the person considers the subgoal to be
very unimportant, never mentions it and is never observed in actions that
indicate the subgoal is important. At the other extreme, a (4) indicates the
person considers the subgoal very important——often talks about it or is
frequently observed in actions that show the importance. In general, a score of
(1) or (2) indicates a weak response, while a (3) or (4) indicates a strong
response.
Specific Questions
7. Private Sector Involvement in
planning and operating programs
One of the four Youthwork focus
areas, this question asks about the extent to which the person thinks it is
important to work with private industry not only in giving youth jobs, but also
in planning and operating the program. Look for references to frequent phone
calls or visits to employers, positive or negative statements about employers
participating in the program.
8. Academic Credit for Work Experience
The second Youthwork focus area,
this question asks how important it is for the person to get youth participants
credit toward graduation for working at a job site. To get a (4) on this
question, the person would have to show great concern for getting youth credit
in the academic areas -- English, mathematics, social studies. A (3) answer would
be more appropriate for a person who worked hard at securing credit for youth,
but did not mind if this credit was in the area of electives or vocational
education. A (1) or (2) answer would indicate that the person considered the
securing of credit as very unimportant or unimportant.
For a (3) or (4) answer, look
for statements such as “I spend most of my time arguing with the schools for
credit” or “Credit make the job different than what a kid could get on his own”
or “Kids really do learn math as cashiers.”
For a (1) or (2) answer, look
for statements such as “We only get them academic credit because Youthwork
requires it” or “Do you believe somebody actually asked me to give English
credit to a person who was working because the student had to speak to adults?”
or “Credits okay as long as its an elective and they don’t call it English or
something important.”
9. Youth Participation in
Planning
This was one of the focus areas
of Youthwork, but all projects were expected to involve youth in planning to
some extent. The question is asking how important it is to the person to
involve students not only in decisions about what they will do, but also about
the running of the program.
For a (3) or (4) answer, look
for statements such as “I would rather have the kids plan than actually get a
job done.”
For a (1) or (2) answer, look
for statements such as “These kids are just too immature to plan” or “It’s hard
enough just to get them jobs without having to have them help get the jobs.”
10. Career Guidance Activities
There are a number of career
guidance activities that fall within this category. The question is asking how
important to the person is getting career information and skills to teenagers.
This includes teaching them how to look for jobs, interview, fill out resumes.
It also includes efforts to increase the students’ awareness of what jobs are
available and what skills, experience or training are necessary to secure the
jobs.
For a (3) or (4) answer, look
for actions such as bringing in guest speakers, bringing students to different
work sites, showing students how to conduct themselves on job interviews. Look
for statements such as “The most important thing is to help students look for
careers and not just jobs” or “We can’t take for granted the fact that these
kids know how to call up and make an appointment for a job” or
“It’s important that kids not have un realistic goals.”
For a (1) or (2) answer, look
for an emphasis on getting kids any kind of a job, the absence of lessons on
job search and job knowledge. Look for statements like “There is no point in
trying to get these kids to think about careers.”
11. Paid work experience
All projects had to provide paid
work experience to at least some students. The question refers to how important
it is to get the low—income students in the program jobs, and not the broader
question of work for teenagers in general.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
major efforts to secure jobs; satisfy employers so they will hire later
students, to work with others to get kids jobs. Look for statements such as
“What these kids really need is money” or “If they can get jobs now, they will
be able to get jobs later” A (4) would go to the person who indicates that the
job and payment are very important by themselves; a (3) would be more
appropriate for a person who thinks the payment for work is most important as a
means to keep youth in school.
A (1) or (2) answer would go to
those who make little or no effort to get youth jobs. Look for statements like
“jobs take away from studying” or “these are only make-work jobs” or “we’re
really just paying kids to go to school.
12. Instruction in basic and
academic skills
This question refers to efforts
made to teach youth how to read, write, and do arithmetic or to succeed in
other academic subjects such as social studies or science.
For a (3) or (4) look for
classes emphasizing skills or academics; efforts made to ensure that students
learn the skills in all aspects of the program, efforts placed on lesson
preparation. Look for statements such as “what these kids really need is to be
able to read” or “we’ve got to improve the test scores of the youth” or “the
best thing about the program is the youths are really learning.”
For a (1) or (2) answer, look
for an absence of basic skills instruction or classes that emphasize social or
personal well being no matter the title of the course. Look for statements such
as “it’s too late for these kids to learn” or “schools don’t have much to teach
street kids.”
13. Instruction aimed at
attitude formation
This question asks the extent to
which the person thinks it is important to teach students to be respectful,
courteous, on time, responsible.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
consistent application of standards of attendance and
punctuality; explanations to students about why attitudes are important;
comments by students about staff harping on attitudes. Look for statements such
as “I had to drop the student because she had been late——all the other students
were looking to see what I would do” or “At least he called in from jail to say
he wouldn’t be at the job site.”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
an absence of standards of conduct; an acceptance of socially unacceptable
behavior; comments by students that a particular staff member lets them get
away with murder. Look for statements such as “These kids are beyond hope” or”
I know I’m not insisting on attendance, but if I did the students would drop
out.”
14. Training in specific job
skills
This question refers to the
emphasis placed by the person on training in skills related to a specific job:
typing, welding, using cash—register, making fast—food hamburgers.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
classes on specific skills, attempts to get students specific skills training,
emphasis at the job site on the specific skills needed to do the job. This can
be difficult since in many cases the youth are given low— skills jobs which
might appear not to need training. Look for statements such as “These kids will
never get jobs unless they can learn to do something” or “These are dead—end
jobs unless they can learn a skill” or “1 try to teach them something that they
can use on another job”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
lack of emphasis on job skills training with perhaps a greater emphasis on
general attitude or knowledge about jobs. Look for statements such as “any job
experience counts at this point” or “Most of the jobs these kids will get don’t
really require any skills.”
15. Counseling for personal and
social needs
This question asks the extent to
which the person thinks it is important to help students with personal
questions such as how to get along with parents or teachers; how to deal with
conflicts; how to deal with their own children. It is distinguished from
counseling aimed at helping the youth find or keep a job.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
the person talking to students about these issues, holding counseling sessions,
having “rap” groups in class. Look for statements such as “The most important
thing we can offer is counseling: these kids bring a lot of baggage with them.”
For a (1) or (2) answer, look
for the absence of such counseling session and an emphasis in class or at the
job on basic or job— related skills. Look for statements such as “It’s my job
to teach not counsel these kids.” or “I’m just not qualified to deal with these
problems” or “sometimes I think we forget we’re a school.”
16. Providing supplemental
services
Supplemental services are those
services not generally provided by either a school or an employment agency.
These services include referral to or provision of legal, babysitting, drug—
rehabilitation services.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
phone calls to other agencies, visits to homes, court appearances. Look for
statements such as “this kid would come to class if only he had someone to look
after his child” or “we’ll take him in after he’s been to one of the drug
programs.”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
an absence of such referrals and a lack of cooperation with such agencies. Look
for comments such as “I’m not a babysitter” or “do they think this is a police
station.”
19. Sex role de-stereotyping
This question asks the
importance to the person of overcoming sex role stereotyping in the job or in
the classroom. It also is concerned with the person’s emphasis on having youth
explore if not choose non-traditional occupations or job sites.
For a (3) or (4) look for
classes on sexism; efforts to put youth in non-traditional jobs; selection of
non-sexist books. Look for statements such as “we have to make sure that the
girls don’t just choose nursing or teacher aide sites,” or “I won’t use that
employer because he is a sexist.”
For a (1) or (2) look for a lack
of emphasis on non—traditional roles or a pattern of placing students in
traditional job sites. Look for statements such as “kids should choose jobs
where they can succeed and boys scare the little kids in school”
18. Setting and maintaining
academic standards
This question refers to how
important the person thinks it is to hold students to some standards of
performance in basic skills or academic areas. It should be kept in mind that
all the students in the projects were low income, and most had a history of low
school achievement. High academic standards could mean requiring the student to
pay attention to and achieve in a remedial reading class. On the other hand, it
should be expected that a person who is committed to maintaining academic
standards would probably experience frustration or tension if that is the most
he or she could get from students.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
structured lessons, examinations, homework, emphasis on the student learning.
Look for statements such as “we have to have higher standards than the public
schools” or “our graduation requirements must be tough or the kids will think
we’re just another group of adults they can rip off.” As noted above, these
people will probably show tension or feelings of failure in maintaining
standards.
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
non-demanding classes or lessons; few homework or in-class assignments, little
attention on the part of the staff person to making students learn. Look for
comments such as “what I really care about is having students like me” or “what
these kids really need is a diploma, not another school lesson.”
19. Raising youth’s level of
aspiration
For many of the youth in these
programs, getting any kind of a job is a step up in the world. This question
refers to the emphasis placed by the person on getting the youth to complete
school, enroll in college, and look for a better life. It should be kept in
mind that what are one person’s aspirations may not be another. A migrant
parent might not think that a teacher who wishes to get a student to stop
migrating is raising aspirations. What counts for this question, however, is
whether the person thinks he or she is raising aspirations.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
discussions with students about what they want to be in life; classes aimed at
showing what possibilities there are; attempts to get students into jobs that
the student doesn’t feel qualified for. Look for statements such as “I
sometimes worry that I may be raising expectations unrealistically, but I think
I should do it” or “Without this program the students would be no better than
their parents.”
For a (1) or (2) answer, look
for an absence of these activities. The person will probably emphasize getting
the students any kind of a job. Look for statements such as “She really thinks
she could become a doctor which is silly given her family income” or “the best
thing we can do for these kids is getting them to accept the world the way it
is.”
20. Helping youth with their
person problems
This question is similar to
counseling but places a greater emphasis on one to one relationships, on the
staff person having a close, personal relationship with the student.
For a (3) or (4) look for lots
of individual talk sessions or the staff person probing into the student’s
personal life. “It is most important that the youth get to like himself” or
“Nothing good can happen till these kids get their act together.”
For a (1) or (2) look for a more
distant relationship between the staff person and the student. Look for
comments about being unprepared to deal with students problems.
21. Improving the quality of the
worksite
This question refers to the
emphasis placed by the person on ensuring that the job experience is more than
just “putting in time.” It includes attempts to relate work to academics;
increase job skills training; teach about careers, be a new experience.
For a (3) or (4) answer, look
for attempts to get higher quality jobs; frequent visits to the job
site, close supervision of students. Look for comments such as “I want this job
experience to be more than just fast—food job” or “It’s important that the boy
really learn something here so I try to give him a lot of time.”
For a (1) or (2) look for a
relatively cavalier attitude toward the job site; the willingness to get the
youth any kind of a job, or lack of emphasis on relating the job to any other
skills. Look for comments such as “well at least he has a job” or H just don’t
have the time to visit the sites.”
22. Research
This question refers to the
emphasis the individual places on meeting the research requirements of the
contract and maintaining a semblance of research conditions.
For a (3) or (4) look for a
willingness to complete forms, meet with the evaluator or ethnographer, keep
accurate records. Look for statements such as “It’s important that we find out
what works rather than always doing the same thing” or “The money for research
is worth it.”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
a refusal to comply with research forms, hostility to the evaluators. Look for
comments such as “All they’re interested in is research. I bet I could run this
program on paper and no one would ever know if a kid got a job.”
PROJECT/ORGANIZATIONAL SUBGOALS
Questions in this section refer
to the extent to which the person places emphasis on the goals of the project
or organization. Project is defined as the distinct set of activities supported
by Youthwork funds. The term organization refers here to the group within which
both the project and the individual operates, e.g., the school, chamber of
commerce, place of work.
All questions are scored from
(1) to (4) where a (1) indicates the person places a very low emphasis on the
subgoal and a (4) a very high emphasis.
23. Cooperation with others
This question refers to the
extent to which the person is willing to work with others to provide services
to youth.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
service on inter—organizational committees, visits to people in other
organizations, sharing information about a youth. Look for statements such as
“The teachers are really helpful” or “We couldn’t do this by ourselves.”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
limited participation in meetings, or reluctant, hostile participation. Look
for comments such as “We don’t need anyone else” or “The regular schools have
ignored us and that’s just as well.”
24. Promoting the project image
with funding source
This question refers to the
extent to which participants are willing to extend themselves in order to
promote a positive image with the funding source, in most cases Youthwork. For
a (3) or (4) look for a general willingness to comply with paperwork and other
requirements of the grant or contract, to meet with Youthwork personnel, to
point out the positive aspects without hiding limitations of the project. Look
for comments such as “I don’t like it, but it really isn’t too bad having to do
the MIS reports” or “Thank God the money got here, we can meet the
requirements.”
For a (1) or (2) look for a
refusal to complete forms or a willingness to lie or distort data. Look for
comments such as
“Youthwork has been nothing but
trouble” or “The money isn’t worth the effort.
25. Promoting the project image
with the community
Community refers to the
individuals or organizations (a) in the local geographic area served by the
project and (b) which are directly or indirectly affected by the project. The
question asks the extent to which the person is willing to exert effort to
ensure that the project is well regarded by the community.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
a willingness to serve on advisory panels, attendance at meetings with
community personnel; attempts to involve the community in planning or
implementation. Look for comments such as “the community is with us all the
way” or “The best thing about the director is he knows everyone in the
community.”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
refusals to talk to community people, disparaging remarks about the project or
the community, or direct action to use the community against the project. Look
for comments about the uselessness of dealing with the community or “The waste
of time meetings are.”
26. Commitment to organizational
subgoals
The term “organization” again
refers here to the larger entity within which the project or the individual
operates. This could be the school, place of employment, CETA office. The
question asks the extent to which the person can both articulate and is committed
to the subgoals of the organization.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
attendance at organizational meetings; long involvement in the organization.
Look for comments that are positive about the organization; that indicate the
person identifies with it and is proud to be a member, for example, “this is a
great place to work.”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
signs of alienation from the organization——refusal to attend meetings;
disparaging comments about the organization or the leaders or members of it.
27 Ownership of the project
This question refers to the
extent to which the person feels that he or she has some control over the
direction of the project; some voice in the major decisions.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
participation in decision— making; work on refunding proposals; participation
in planning meetings. Look for comments such as “I feel a part of this project”
or “We work together on things here.”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
non-participation in decision-making; exclusion either by self-selection or by
authorities from planning meetings. Look for comments about feelings of
alienation, distance from the project, a sense that the person does a job and
that’s it.
PERSONAL SUBGOALS
The questions in this section
refer to the personal needs of people and the extent to which those needs are
met. Each question is scored from (1) to (4), but the meaning for the questions
varies slightly.
For questions 28 through 30, an
answer of (1) or (2) indicates that the person worries very little or little
about the problem or that these needs have been satisfied. A score of (3) or
(4) indicates that the person worries somewhat or a great deal about these
things or that these subgoals have not been met.
28. Personal safety
This question refers to the degree
to which the person worries about his or her personal safety as a result of
participating in the project.
A score of (3) or (4) indicates
that the person worries a great deal, that the sense of security is not
present. Look for actions such as leaving the area only with a buddy; locking
classroom doors; not letting youths stay late. Look for comments such as “This
neighborhood scares me” or “This job isn’t worth the worry of getting beat up.”
For a score of (1) or (2) look
for the absence of such fear—induced behavior, a kind of comfort or security in
the building or in dealing with youth. Look for the absence of statements about
safety or danger.
29. Economic security
The question refers to the
degree the person worries about keeping the current job or getting another one.
A score of (3) or (4) indicates
the person is both insecure about keeping a job and worried about the
consequences of it. Look for job hunting; discussions with supervisors. Look
for comments such as “This is the first professional job I’ve had and there are
few prospects for other jobs in this area” or “I really hope we get refunded or
I don’t know what I will do.”
A score of (1) or (2) indicates
either that the person is not in danger of loosing his or her
job, or doesn’t worry about it. Look for absence of job hunting activities.
Look for statements such as “I’d just as soon quit this job and go back to
graduate school” or “I can always get another job that pays as little as this
one.”
30. A structured, ordered
environment
This question refers to the
extent to which the person worries about maintaining a sense of order and
structure in dealing with youth, or the extent to which these needs are met.
A score of (3) or (4) indicates
a high need for order and a sense that such order has been achieved. Look for
attempts to structure classroom or work activities, to have things follow
standard procedures.
A score of (1) or (2) indicates
that the person does not worry or devote much energy to maintaining a
structured environment. Look for an acceptance of apparently haphazard behavior
by students and staff, a willingness to live with ambiguity about where
students are or what they are supposed to be doing.
For questions 31 to 34, a score
of (1) indicates that the person’s believes that certain needs are not being
met or actually being thwarted by participation in the project. On the other
extreme, a score of (4) indicates that the person his needs are more than
adequately met.
31. Fairly rewarded
This question refers to the
extent to which the person believes he or she is rewarded in both monetary and
psychic terms.
A score of (3) or (4) indicates
that person believes him or herself to be fairly or more than fairly rewarded.
Look for comments about how happy the person is in the job, how he or she gets
more out of the work than gives, how the salary is higher than a previous
salary.
A score of (1) or (2) indicates
that the person believes him or herself to be less than adequately rewarded.
Look for comments about the unfairness of it all, about how all the person does
is give and never gets back.
32. Career advancement
The question refers to the
extent to which the person feels that participation in the project affected his
or her career.
A score of (3) or (4) would
indicate that the person thinks the project has had a positive or very positive
affect. Look for comments about how it has opened up job opportunities, or
given them new skills that will pay off in the future.
A score of (1) or (2) indicates
that the person thinks the project has had no effect, or a negative effect.
Look for statements such as “I wish I had never left my other job” or “this is a dead end street.”
33. Personally helping youth
This questions asks the extent
to which the person thinks that he or she is helping youth as a result of
participation in the project.
For a (3) or (4) answer, look
for statements such as “this is the first time in my career that I know the
kids are better off in my class,” or “I’ve watched them grow so in the year in
the program.”
For a (1) or (2) answer, look
for statements such as “I feel so frustrated in this job” or “all the paperwork
keeps me from helping the students.” This score would also be appropriate for
someone who has very little connection with the, project and consequently does not
think his or her participation in the project helps the youth.
34. Participation in personally
rewarding activities
The question asks the extent to
which the project makes it possible for the person to participate in activities
that are pleasing or rewarding. What constitutes rewarding activities varies
from person to person, so there is no set of activities that can be considered
rewarding per se. Even filling out federal forms can be rewarding for some
people! The question is not what is objectively rewarding, but what the person
thinks is so.
For a (3) or (4) answer, look
for the absence of complaints about job requirements and positive statements
about what the person does. If the person makes statements about enjoying
teaching, for example, then look for a heavy emphasis on those assignments.
For a (1) or (2) answer, look
for a plethora of complaints about job requirements, about the youth, about the
other personnel. If the person has expressed a dislike for something, look to
see if he or she is required to perform the task.
OVERALL OPINIONS
The questions in this section
refer to the person’s overall evaluation of the project, or its relationship to
other organizations or projects.
The questions are scored from
(1) to (4), but again the exact meaning varies.
For questions 35 — 38 a (1)
score indicates a very low evaluation of the project while a (4) score
indicates a very high evaluation or positive response.
35. Project helping youth
The questions asks the extent to
which the person believes the project is helping youth. It is perfectly
reasonable for a person to feel he or she is helping youth a great deal, while
at the same time, thinking the project as a whole is a failure.
For a (3) or (4) look for
statements such as “the kids have really improved since they joined the
project” or “teachers are amazed at how much she has improved this year. She
actually talks in class.”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
statements such as “we really aren’t serving the right youths in this program”
or “we let these kids get away with murder.”
36. Project quality vs. other
similar projects
The question asks participants
to rate the project in relation to other federally funded, youth employment
projects.
A (3) or (4) answer indicates
that the person thinks the project is comparatively better than other projects.
Look for statements such as “this is a well run project” or “we never worry
about that project. They know what they’re doing.” or “However bad this project
is, its better than any other around.”
A (1) or (2) answer indicates
that the person thinks the project is comparatively poorer than other projects.
Look for comments such as “This project is not as well run as other projects”
or “This project pays the kids for coming to class and I think that is not
good.”
37. Project vs. public schools
The question asks the person to
compare the experiences the youths have in the project compared to what they
would have in a regular public school.
A (3) or (4) answer indicates
that the person thinks the students are better off or much better off in the
project than in public schools. Look for statements such as “We may not succeed
with these kids, but they’re better off here than in the public schools that
failed them” or “In public schools these kids would be forgotten.”
A (1) or (2) answer indicates
that the person thinks the students would be worse off or the same in a public
school. Look for statements such as “we do different things, but who is to say
that’s better.” or “in public schools, at least, the students have to do some
work for credit.”
38. Project continuation with
local funding
This question asks if the person
thinks the project should be continued in its general form (which in all cases
includes some payment to youth) with local funding if federal funding is withdrawn.
A (3) or (4) answer indicates a
probably or definitely yes. Look for actions aimed at securing local funding,
including meeting with school officials or writing proposals to the state. Look
for positive statements about the need for local funds.
An answer of (1) or (2)
indicates a definitely not or a probably not attitude. Look for
statements such as “We should continue if federal funds are available, but not
otherwise” or “It’s too bad that only the federal government can support
projects like this.”
For questions 39 and 40 a (1)
answer indicates a very low perceived level of conflict, while a (4) answer
indicates a very high level of perceived conflict.
39. Perceived conflict between
project and organizational subgoals.
Tthe question asks the extent to which the person
felt that the project and organizational subgoals were in conflict.
A (3) or (4) answer indicates a
high degree of conflict. Look for differences in how the person behaves in the
organization and when in the project. Look for comments that indicate the
person feels tension, that he or she has had to lower standards or that the
presence of the students at the work site makes it difficult to make a profit.
Look for comments about the difficulty of getting schools to give academic credit
for work experience.
A (1) or (2) answer indicates a
low degree of conflict. Look for the absence of statements about how the
project goals differ from the organization. Look for statements such as “we’re
different in some ways from schools, but we work together well” or “the schools
would really like to have the funds to do this kind of thing.”
40. Perceived conflict between
professional and project subgoals.
The question asks the person the extent to
which he or she feels conflict or tension between what she would like to do as
a professional and what she is required to do as a member of the project.
For a (3) or (4) answer look for
statements such as “I didn’t know I would have to lower my standards so much
for these youths” or “they really don’t let me do what these kids need.”
For a (1) or (2) answer look for
the absence of conflict statements and the presence of statements such as “This
is the first time I’ve really been able to do what I wanted to for students.”
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